Effect of astragaloside IV on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson′s disease / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of astragaloside IV on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson′s disease.Methods:Forty-five SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8 weeks, weighing 19-25 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), Parkinson′s disease group (group PD) and astragaloside IV group (group A). The mouse model of Parkinson′s disease was developed by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 30 mg/kg everyday for 7 consecutive days.Astragaloside 20 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected everyday at 30 min before MPTP injection for 7 consecutive days before the model was prepared in group A, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. Behavior was measured at 1 day interval after completion of administration.The mice were then sacrificed, and the substantia nigra of the brain tissue were obtained for determination of the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K), phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with C group, the total distance of movement and latency of falling were significantly shortened, the hanging score was decreased, the step width was increased, the expression of TH, p-PI3K, p-Akt and BDNF in substantia nigra was down-regulated, and the expression of GFAP was up-regulated in PD group and A group ( P<0.05). Compared with PD group, the total distance of movement and the latency to fall were significantly prolonged, the hanging score was increased, the step width was reduced, and the expression of TH, p-PI3K, p-Akt and BDNF in the substantia nigra was up-regulated, and the expression of GFAP was down-regulated in group A ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which astragaloside IV improves motor dysfunction is related to the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, up-regulation of BDNF expression and inhibition of astrocyte activation in mice with Parkinson′s disease.

The prevalence characteristic of Kashin-Beck disease in nuclear families / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristic of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in nuclear families,and to provide a scientific basis for KBD prevention.Methods KBD patients in 15 villages of Linyou County,Shaanxi Province were investigated using clinical and questionnaire survey.According to the prevalence of KBD,the nuclear families were divided into 4 different types:parents did not suffer from KBD (A,n =3 657),mother suffered from KBD and father did not (B,n =674),father suffered from KBD and mother did not (C,n =907),and both patients suffered from KBD (D,n =748).The relationship between prevalence of nuclear families and prevalence of population was analyzed using correlation analysis,and the changes of prevalence in different age groups of family members were analyzed.Results ①The prevalence of nuclear families (38.91％,2 329/5 986) and the prevalence of popttlation (14.42％,3 700/25 656) were significantly correlated (r =0.77,P ＜ 0.05);②The proportions of parental generation men and women with KBD were 9.91％ (118/1 191) vs 11.30％ (105/929) in 0-10 years old group,62.80％ (748/1 191) vs 58.45％ (543/929) in 11-20 years old group,15.70％ (187/1 191) vs 18.51％ (172/929) in 21-30 years old group,7.30％ (87/1 191) vs 7.64％ (71/929) in 31-40 years old group,2.77％ (33/1 191) vs 2.37％ (22/929) in 41-50 years old group,1.34％ (16/1 191) vs 1.51％ (14/929) in 51-60 years old group,and 0.17％ (2/1 191) vs 0.22％ (2/929) in 61-70 years old group,respectively.③Among the three nuclear families (B,C,D),the age of offspring with KBD was less than 13 years old when the age of their parents with KBD was less than 13 years old(83.33％,20/24);The age of the offspring with KBD was mainly distributed between the ages of 13 and 25 years old when the age of their parents with KBD was 13-25 years old (69.86％,51/73);When the age of parents with KBD was order than 25 years old,the age of their offspring with KBD was mainly less than 25 years old (84.85％,56/66);④Among the four nuclear families,the prevalence rates of male and female in the first filial generation were 1.41％ (52/3 683) vs 0.47％ (12/2 538) in A family (x2 =0.47,P ＞ 0.05),5.73％ (31/541) vs 0.53％ (2/378) in B family (x2 =4.32,P ＜ 0.05),6.48％ (44/679) vs 0.95％ (5/528) in C family (x2 =4.10,P ＜ 0.05),and 9.46％ (66/698) vs 3.31％ (15/453) in D family (x2 =2.96,P＞ 0.05),respectively.Conclusions ①The prevalence of the nuclear family with KBD is related to the population prevalence;②the prevalence of male and female with KBD is related to age,and KBD mainly occurs between the age of 11 and 20;③the age of offspring with KBD is partly influenced by the age of their parents;④the prevalence rate of male in the first filial generation is higher than that of female in the first filial generation.

Efficacy comparison of robotic and laparoscopic radical surgery in the treatment of middle-low rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy of robotic and laparoscopic radical surgery in the treatment of middle-low rectal cancers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2015 to March 2016, intra-operative and postoperative follow-up data of 30 patients with middle-low rectal cancers who underwent robotic radical resection(robot group) and 32 patients with middle-low rectal cancers who underwent laparoscopic radical resection (laparoscopy group)n in our department were retrospectively collected. The distance from cancer to anal margin was less than 10 cm in both two groups and advanced rectal cancers were confirmed by preoperative colonoscopy biopsy. Associated data were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 13 males and 17 females in robot group with age of 27 to 85 (mean 59.7) years, disease course of 3 to 12 (mean 6.2) months and clinical stage T2-3N0-1. There were 16 males and 16 females in laparoscopic group with age of 32 to 79 (mean 60.3) years, disease course of 2 to 10(mean 5.9) months and clinical stage T2-3N0-1. The baseline data of two groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05). All the patients in two groups completed operations successfully without conversion to open operation. Compared with laparoscopic group, the blood loss was less [(100.3±43.7) ml vs. (150.3±68.2) ml, t=3.413, P=0.001], the first flatus time [(49.3±12.4) h vs. (58.6±12.5) h, t=2.838, P=0.006] and urinary catheter removal time [(3.0±0.7) d vs. (4.8±0.9) d, t=5.491, P=0.000] were shorter, while the operation time [(217.3±57.8) min vs. (187.9±23.1) min, t=2.772, P=0.009] was longer in robot group. No cancer tissue was observed in resection margin of two groups. Number of harvested lymph node per case (15.2±7.4 vs. 13.9±4.9, t=-0.764, P=0.448), distance from anal margin to tumor distal edge [(7±3) cm vs. (6.5±3) cm, t=-1.952, P=0.056] and postoperative hospital stay [(13.6±1.3) d vs. (13.8±1.8) d, t=0.925, P=0.359] were not significantly different between two groups. No serious complications occurred in two groups during intra-operative and postoperative period. During following up of 3 to 12 (average 8.7) months, 1 case of anastomotic fistula occurred in each group and was cured by conservative treatment without significant difference [3.3%(1/30) vs. 3.1%(1/32), P=1.000]. No sexual dysfunction was found in either groups. Two cases in laparoscopic group presented relapse and metastasis, but no recurrence and metastasis was observed in robot group. There was no death in two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Robotic radical surgery in the treatment of middle-low rectal cancers is safe and effective with the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, rapid recovery of intestinal function and urinary function.</p>

GAMMA GLOBULIN-LIKE IMMUNOREA-CTIVE NEURONS IN THE RABBIT SUPERIOR CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC GANGLION / 解剖学报

The relationship between ?-globulin and neurons in sympathetic ganglion was investigated. In the present study, the rabbit superior cervical ganglion neurons were found to react selectively with sheep antiserum to rabbit ?-globulin and appear to be stained deeply by immunocytochemical method. The existence of ?-globulin-like substance in these neurons was shown. These neurons are divided into four types according to the intensity of their staining.The significance and functional role of the different staining types are not clear and a further study is needed.